Yes, your AML (Aircraft Maintenance Licence) remains valid for 5 years. Normally the AML is referred to as being a Part-66 licence. From the Part-145 company you will get a Company Authorisation, which allows you to work (and release aircraft) for that specific company.

No, your release privileges are company specific. Normally after an Assessment by the Quality Department of the new Part-145 they will grant you similar privileges. These privileges are printed on the Company Authorisation which you normally will receive.

Your AML (EASA Part-66) is valid for 5 years. You must renew your AML before it expires.

An EASA approved Part-147 Maintenance Training Organisation means that the organisation (books, exams, teachers, facility, etc) are accepted by the local Member State National Aviation Authroities. The organisation must be in compliance with the EASA Part-147 regulations. An approved Part-147 organisation is allowed to perform Part-66 module examinations at other locations. 

In the EASA Part-66 regulation is stated that only after 90 days you can retake a specific Part-66 Module Examination. Only after a dedicated re-training by a Part-147 Maintenance Training Organisation you are entitled to retake an examintion after 30 days. The maximum number of retakes is 3 consecutives attempts, after the third attempt you must wait for at least 1 year. This is regardless if these examinations were taken at other approved Part-147 Maintenance Training Organisations.

For more information you can go to the EASA website or to the website of the Civil Aviation Authority in your country. 

When you have succesfully passed all the EASA Part-66 module examinations you must first gain a couple of years of Experience. Then you can apply (at the NAA of an EU member state) for an EASA Part-66 Aircraft Maintenance Licence. Then you need to follow a specific Aircraft Type (or Task) training, for example "Boeing 737-600/700/800/900 (CFM56)". To add the first aircraft type to a Part-66 (Cat B1 or B2 rating) you must succesfully complete the: Theoretical element + Practical element + On-The-Job Training. 

Then the approved maintenance company, being a Part-145 (Or Part-M supart F) can grant you the "Release Privilege". With this privilege you are allowed to release aircraft for service on behalf of the Approved Maintenance Company.

Basically Yes, there are exemptions, for example the smaller "Part-M subpart F Maintenance Organisations" or inside the airforce. But in general the officials of the NAA (National Aviation Authorities) of an EU member state demand that the experience is acquired in a (aircraft) Part-145 approved maintenance organisation. You must show your experience in a logbook, the requirements for these logbooks can be Member State specific.

EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) is the European Union Authority in aviation safety. The Dutch NAA is authorized by EASA to issue for example the Part-147 approval to a Maintenance Training Organisation.

AML means Aircraft Maintenance Licence and is normally called a Part-66. This official document is issued by the aviation authorities of an EU member state. On this document is stated for which category the holder of the AML is approved. After the succesfull completion of an aircraf type training course (Theory + Practical + OJT) the aircraft types are added (only applicable to Part-66 categories B1, B2 and C) on the Part-66 AML.

There is a significant difference between passing all Part-66 Module Examinations or passing a Part-66 Basic Training. The difference is the expierence requirement (number of years) before you can apply for a Part-66 AML. In general it can be stated that the experience duration requirement is significant shorter after following a Part-66 Basic Training course. The experience requirements depend on the Category you apply for.

A good preparation is important. You need to be present at the examination location, at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the examination. You must be able to officially identify yourselves before the examination starts. If the Examinor (the invigilator) can not establish your identity, you are not allowed to participate inside the examination. Also should bring a ballpoint (colors black or blue). You are not allowed to take your phone, smart watches, papers, etc to the examination.

Yes, you can join each Part-66 Module examination as is published in the ExMan Application. You only have to register as a Examination student (no cost), but you will have to pay for each Part-66 Module Examination. The cost per Examination is published on the website.

There is no clear answer to this question, it depends on the purpose (What is your intent?). Please consult: https://amc66.com/index.php/en/logbooks